L3

讲座

1. What do the theories discussed in the lecture try to explain?

Whether technology has the ability to shape history

Why humans have attempted to improve technology throughout history

How certain innovations have affected the study of history

How attitudes toward technology have changed throughout history

2. Why does the professor mention tools used to guide ships?

To explain how technological innovations spread from one place to another

To point out a problem with the theory of hard technological determinism

To illustrate how history is thought to be determined by technology

To indicate that new technologies may not be adopted right away

3. What does the professor point out about the teaching of history?

It should take a neutral stance toward the role of technology in driving history

It is usually based on an optimistic philosophical model

It disregards the long-term effects of technological advances

It is often done from the perspective of hard technological determinism

4. What basic belief do optimistic and pessimistic hard technological determinists share?

Technology itself has the power to bring changes

Technology is only one of many factors that affect history

Technology’s central role in society began in the early twentieth century

The way humans use technology is more important than the technology itself

5. According to the professor,what do soft technological determinists believe?

It is not possible to determine why technologies develop at a particular time and place.

A wide variety of human factors affects the development of technology

Technology will only advance when a society is ready to accept it

All members of a society benefit from technology in some way

6. At the end of the lecture,what opinion does the professor express?

Most of humanity’s problems can be solved by technology

Technology and history should be studied separately

Technology’s power to affect history has been greatly underestimated

Only humans have the power to direct historical events

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