L2
讲座
1. What is the lecture mainly about?
How social status in animal groups affects feeding order
How leaders are determined in nonhierarchical animal groups
Behavior of females in fission-fusion animal groupings
Research on personality traits in three different animal species
2. What characteristic of fission-fusion groups does the professor mention?
Individual members move in and out of the group frequently.
The group’s movements are dominated by the strongest member.
Fission-fusion groups tend to be larger than hierarchical groups.
Membership in the group is determined by familial relationships.
3. Why does the professor discuss zebras?
To give an example of how females protect their young from predators
To suggest that the hungriest group members are not always the best leaders
To explain how an individual’s physiological state can be a motivation to assume group leadership
To explain how social bonds affect group membership
4. What point does the professor make about certain dolphins that were most often at the front of their group?
They were unlikely to be nursing females.
They were the most aggressive members of the group.
They were most likely to find the best feeding grounds.
They were unlikely to leave their group once they became leaders.
5. What is the professor’s attitude about studying animal personality traits?
She thinks it is a worthwhile area of research but also a challenging one.
She thinks it is the best approach to studying animal leadership.
She doubts that animals have intrinsic personality traits
She is confident that personality traits can easily be disentangled from other variables.
6. Why does the professor say this:
To refer to an example in some research that she is conducting
To make an explanation that she is giving easier to understand
To imply that it can be difficult to identify individual animals in a herd
To emphasize that female dolphins often take leadership positions
