听力音频：
L1
讲座
1. What is the main topic of the lecture?
A discovery that has changed the definition of animal culture
Recent findings regarding the behavior of dolphins and whales
How researchers determine whether animal behaviors are learned or innate
Behaviors supporting the view that animals can have culture
2. According to the professor, what is a common feature of asocial and innate behaviors?
Neither one involves transmitting information between individuals.
Neither one is common among primates or birds.
Both are usually associated with feeding strategies.
Both are relatively rare among animals that live in groups.
3. What does the professor imply when she discusses sponging by dolphins?（多选 题）
Sponging might be a case of asocial learning that led to vertical learning
Dolphins feed on fish that hide underneath sea sponges.
Sponging protects the dolphin’s snout as it forages for food
Sponging behavior is transmitted between dolphins that are not related
4. Why does the professor mention the songs of humpback whales?
To cite a documented case of horizontal learning
To imply that different species of whales learn from one another
To suggest that whale songs be monitored in all the world’s oceans
To compare the feeding behavior of whales to that of dolphins
5. What important point does the professor make about oblique learning?
It has not been observed in humpback whale populations.
It is similar to vertical learning in that it occurs between different generations.
Its existence is only theoretical.
It never involves receiving information from adult female animals.
6. What does the professor think is happening when young dolphins inspect fish caught by adult dolphins?
The young dolphins are learning how to swallow solid food.
The young dolphins are determining what species of fish are best to eat.
The young dolphins are prompting the adults to share their food D. The young dolphins are identifying the best way to catch prey fish.
