题目原文：
Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus’ surface, and the planet’s atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor. Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet’s surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds. Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
题目音频：
学术写作：
教授：高峰期收费会减轻交通堵塞吗？
Andrew：不会，反而会带来经济负担。
Claire：会。会让大家选择bike或者carpool，减缓交通且对环境好。
Doctor Achebe: Traffic congestion during rush hours is a significant issue in urban city centers. To mitigate this problem, governments have various solutions aimed at reducing the number of vehicles on the road. One proposed solution involves charging drivers a fee or tax for driving during peak traffic hours. Do you believe this could effectively alleviate traffic congestion? Why or why not?
Andrew: I believe imposing fees for driving during peak hours might not be the best solution to ease traffic congestion. It could adversely affect businesses and create economic disadvantages for many individuals. Such charges might burden workers who rely on their cars for commuting, especially those with fixed schedules or limited transportation options.
Claire: I think charging drivers a fee during peak traffic hours could be a great idea to ease the traffic congestion we face every day. It might encourage more drivers to opt for biking or carpooling, which could significantly benefit the environment and ease overall traffic. For instance, in cities where similar measures have been introduced, there has been a noticeable decrease in the number of vehicles during rush hours.
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