JH_004
综合写作
听力音频：
The Great Pyramid, a 4,500-year-old stone tomb built for an ancient Egyptian king, contains chambers, which were rooms in which the body of the king and ceremonial objects could be placed. In addition to these chambers, the pyramid also contains four shafts narrow tunnels that were created in the solid stone structure as it was being built (see illustration). These shafts rise from two burial chambers and lead toward the outside of the pyramid. The four shafts are too small and placed at too steep an angle for a person to pass through them. The purpose of the shafts in the Great Pyramid is not certain, but archaeologists have several theories.
One theory is that the shafts were used for ventilation to bring fresh air from outside into the pyramid. During its construction, many workers labored inside the pyramid’s interior chambers, and they may have had difficulty breathing, especially because the fires they used to light their work space would have produced smoke. The shafts may have been constructed to make it easier for workers to breathe.
A second theory is that the shafts were deliberately positioned in relation to stars. Scientists studying the pyramid have found that its shafts align with the positions of certain stars in the sky. At certain times in ancient Egyptian history, stars played an important role in religion; specific stars were associated with particular gods. The shafts in the king’s tomb might have been built in alignment with specific stars for religious reasons.
A third theory is that the shafts were intended as passageways to help the king’s spirit enter the afterlife. Ancient Egyptians believed that the king’s spirit would leave his body and travel to the afterlife. The ancient builders may have built the shafts as openings for the king’s spirit to passthrough.
Question:Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.
学术写作：
简化大意：
教授：为了减少空气污染，是否应该向航空收环保税。
Andrew：应该，可以让乘客减少飞机出行。
Claire：不应该，让乘客承担贵机票不对。
详细题目回忆：
Doctor Achebe:
This week, we’ll be discussing ways to address air pollution. One idea is introducing environmental taxes on air travel. Such taxes, also referred to as ecological taxes or green taxes, are extra charges that get added to the price of airplane tickets. Money collected from these taxes could be invested in environmentally friendly technologies or in promoting other, cleaner modes of transportation. Do you think there should be an environmental tax on air travel? Why or why not?
Andrew:
We should impose environmental taxes on air travel. These taxes might encourage people to find cheaper, more eco-friendly ways to get places. In my country, many people use planes to fly a short distance because flights are relatively cheap when they could just as easily take a less polluting form of transportation.
Claire:
Additional taxes on air travel will do little to solve the problem of air pollution. Airplane tickets would become more expensive, punishing passengers without incentivizing airlines to become more environmentally friendly. The airlines should pay the price to protect the environment, not their customers.
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