Task 1

Some people enjoy having friends drop by for an unplanned or surprise visit. Others prefer that friends let them know in advance before coming to visit. Which do you prefer? Explain why.

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Task 2

Reading

Teaching with Technology Workshops for Faculty

Next year, the university will offer a Teaching with Technology program for professors that will consist of a series of workshops on how to use computers and audiovisual technology in the classroom. The program aims to help the professors teach more effectively by training them to use various forms of technology in the classroom—for example, they will learn how to give computer-based presentations and use projectors and other visual technology in class. In order to encourage participation in the program, the university announced that professors who complete the program will receive a bonus, or an extra payment, in addition to their regular salary.

The man expresses his opinion about the plan described in the article. Briefly summarize the plan. Then state his opinion about the plan and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.

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Task 3

Reading

Startle Defense

Over time, animal species have developed various defenses to avoid being attacked by other animals. Many animals defend themselves by remaining hidden and blending in with their surroundings. Some of these animals also protect themselves by using a startle defense. With this form of defense, an animal may startle or surprise an approaching predator by suddenly displaying a bright color and making a loud noise. While the predator is momentarily distracted by fear or surprise, the animal has time to quickly move to a new location and immediately conceal itself again.

Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrates the concept of startle defense.

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