Task 1

Some people like to face challenges by themselves. Others prefer to have help from another person when they face a difficult situation. Which do you prefer and why?

———————————————————————

Task 2

Reading

Graduation Ceremony Should Be Held Outdoors

Each year the graduation ceremony has taken place inside Jenkins Hall. I think the location should be changed. From now on, I think the ceremony should be held outside on the lawn in the center of campus. Guests will get to enjoy the beautiful trees, flowers, and fresh air. We have a beautiful campus, and it would be great if the guests could enjoy that. Also, in Jenkins Hall there are only seats for a limited number of people. The lawn is huge, so more people would be able to attend the ceremony if it were outdoors.

Sincerely Sarah Knight

The man expresses his opinion of the student’s proposal. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.

———————————————————————

Task 3

Reading

Appeasement Behaviors

Many animals live in social groups, and certain animals may be stronger or more powerful than other animals in the group. Since a weaker animal could be injured in a fight with a stronger animal, many animals use appeasement behaviors to avoid fighting with stronger animals. By performing appeasement behaviors, a weaker animal communicates that it does not want to flight，and is willing to submit to the more powerful individual. Because fights can be harmful to members of a group, appeasement behaviors benefit the group by preventing fights from occurring.

Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of appeasement behaviors.

———————————————————————

Task 4

Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two ways in which companies emphasize the difference between their products and other similar products.

———————————————————————