综合写作：
When oil – transporting ships have accidents, massive oil spills can occur with damaging consequences for the ocean environment. There have been proposals to clean up oil spills by promoting the growth of certain naturally occurring ocean bacteria. The bacteria feed on molecules found in crude oil, breaking them down into simpler compounds that do not harm the environment. Some critics argue, however, that using bacteria to clean up oil spills would be problematic, for several reasons.
One of the critics’ concerns is that a bacterial population, dramatically increased by feeding on an oil spill, will stay in the area after the spill is cleaned up. The bacteria could come to dominate the area, competing with native plants and animals for food and sunlight. The negative environmental effects of this could be significant.
Second, bacteria at the oil spill site must be given extra nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) in order to reproduce, and do their job at an efficient rate. The problem is that the extra nutrients can leak outside of the area affected by the spill, and they may attract and feed other marine organisms. This can result in extremely rapid population growth among the other organisms, upsetting the balance of marine ecosystems near the spill.
Third, if oil – transporting companies start to believe bacteria can cheaply and efficiently clean up oil spills, they might start to pay less attention to spill prevention. This could lead to spills becoming more frequent. More frequent spills could cause lasting environmental damage because some harmful oil components are too complex for the bacteria to break down, and these components remain in the ocean even after a bacterial cleanup.
学术写作：
Instructions: Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response you should:
- express and support your personal opinion
- make a contribution to the discussion in your own words
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Dr. Achebe
Over the next few weeks, we’ll begin discussing communication strategies in the workplace. These days there are many options for workplace communications. Sometimes people choose to communicate in writing through email or through messaging apps, while at other times they prefer talking to others face – to – face or by phone. What is the most important factor to consider when deciding whether to communicate in writing or by speaking aloud?
Kelly
I think privacy is the biggest factor in choosing if it’s message or speaking out. If the message is confidential, it’s better to email. If personal or instead of talking out loud where everyone can hear. My dad always emails his boss private stuff rather than discussing it in the open office. Written communication lets you control who sees what you say.
Andrew
I think the main factor in deciding to speak or write at work is how well you know someone. If you don’t know a coworker that well, randomly showing up in their office to chat can interrupt their workflow. It’s better to email new coworkers at first until you build more of a rapport. Once you’re more familiar with each other, face – to – face talks are easier and less disruptive.
