Starting in the sixteenth century, the population of Eurasia (the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia) began an upward surge that, while the result of many factors, ow...

It is now generally accepted that dinosaurs (and large numbers of other animals and plants) went extinct about 65 million years ago, when Earth was hit by a giant asteroid (a rocky...

In Europe, rapid human population growth and the rise of agriculture toward the end of the first millennium had profound effects on freshwater fish, especially migratory fish like ...

  Migratory birds are well known to navigate over long distances between feeding grounds and breeding sites, often over thousands of miles. Ornithologist G. V. T. Matthews dem...

  When studying an archaeological site, archaeologists must first try to understand how the society that lived there was organized. Some societies are centrally organized, and...

In the late 1970s, several research groups were trying to determine the cause of the boundary between the geological layers corresponding to the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, ab...

The growing population of eighteenth-century Europe increased demand for cloth to clothe people. Urban merchants turned to rural people for additional, inexpensive labor: farming f...

  Climate change has been linked to greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere that allow sunlight to reach the planet's surface while trapping the infrared energy that it emits...

Silver and silver objects had multiple meanings in late-eighteenth-century North America. Insights about social attitudes and the buying habits of consumers come partly from the re...

The Roman Empire(31 B.C.E.-A.D. 476)， which conquered much of Europe, the Near East, and northern Africa, enjoyed great prosperity before facing economic decline in its later cent...